Which technique allows the examiner to differentiate between anatomy and pathology in the anterior segment of the eye?

The technique that allows the examiner to differentiate between anatomy and pathology in the anterior segment of the eye is optical dissection. This method utilizes advanced imaging technology to provide detailed, cross-sectional views of the eye's structures. By emphasizing the layers and anatomical features of the anterior segment, optical dissection can reveal subtle abnormalities that may indicate pathology, allowing for a precise understanding of both normal and abnormal anatomy.

In contrast, specular reflection is primarily used to examine the corneal endothelium and may not provide comprehensive insights into other anterior segment structures. Angle assessment focuses specifically on the anterior chamber angle, primarily for glaucoma evaluation, rather than assessing the overall anatomy in relation to potential pathologies. Fundoscopy is primarily used to visualize the posterior segment of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve, and does not adequately assess the anterior segment's anatomy and pathologies. Thus, optical dissection stands out as the most effective technique for differentiating between normal anatomy and pathological conditions in the anterior segment.