Which of the following conditions can lead to superficial corneal neovascularization?

Superficial corneal neovascularization is often a response to a variety of ocular conditions that lead to corneal hypoxia, inflammation, or irritation. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), commonly referred to as dry eye, results in decreased tear production and subsequent corneal dryness. This dryness can cause discomfort and irritation to the corneal surface, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators. In response to this inflammation and lack of adequate lubrication, new blood vessels can begin to form in the cornea from surrounding tissues to supply nutrients and aid in healing.

Thus, KCS can be directly linked to the development of superficial corneal neovascularization, as the condition disrupts the normal homeostasis of the cornea and prompts a pathological response. The formation of new blood vessels signifies the cornea's attempts to address the underlying issues caused by inadequate tear production.

In contrast, conditions such as keratoconus, cataracts, and glaucoma do not typically result in neovascularization of the cornea in the same manner as KCS. Keratoconus mainly alters the shape of the cornea but does not inherently lead to hypoxia or inflammation in a way that promotes neovascularization. Cataracts, while affecting