What structures are generally evaluated when examining the ocular fundus?

The examination of the ocular fundus primarily involves assessing the neuro-sensory retina and the optic nerve. The fundus is the interior surface of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and vessels, and it plays a crucial role in visual function and overall eye health.

When evaluating the neuro-sensory retina, practitioners look for any signs of detachment, degeneration, or vascular changes that could indicate underlying disease processes such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal detachment. The optic nerve is assessed for signs of swelling (papilledema), atrophy, or other abnormalities that might suggest neurological issues or ocular disease.

The other options focus on structures that are not part of the fundus examination. The optic nerve and sclera alone do not encompass the full range of structures evaluated in a comprehensive fundus exam, as the retina is also critical. The cornea and lens are primarily assessed during slit-lamp examination rather than a fundoscopic evaluation, and the eyebrows and eyelids are external features not involved in the fundus itself. Therefore, recognizing the critical role of the neuro-sensory retina and optic nerve during a fundus examination is fundamental to understanding ocular health.