What structure refers to the interior surface of the posterior segment of the eye?

The term that describes the interior surface of the posterior segment of the eye is "fundus." The fundus is the part of the eye that can be viewed through an ophthalmoscope, and it encompasses several important structures, including the retina, optic disc, macula, and blood vessels.

In the context of the posterior segment, the fundus essentially serves as the backdrop against which these critical structures are assessed for various ocular diseases. By examining the fundus, veterinarians can gain valuable insights into the health of the eye, as changes in the fundus can indicate systemic health issues or localized eye problems.

The other structures mentioned, such as the iris and cornea, pertain to different areas and functions within the eye. The iris is involved in controlling the diameter of the pupil and thus regulates the amount of light entering the eye, while the cornea is the outermost layer that provides protection and focuses light. The retina is located in the posterior segment and is responsible for photoreception, but it is only one component of the overall fundus view.