What is the mechanism for reflex uveitis?

Reflex uveitis is primarily associated with an inflammatory response triggered by the activation of sensory pathways, particularly those of the trigeminal nerve. This nerve is responsible for sensation around the eye, and when there is inflammation or irritation in the eye, it can lead to a reflex action that involves the uveal tract (the middle layer of the eye) even if the actual source of irritation is not within the uvea itself.

When irritation occurs, sensory fibers in the trigeminal nerve become activated, which can lead to an inflammatory response in the uvea. This response can manifest as reflex uveitis because the initial pathological event stimulates a broader inflammatory response in the eye, even leading to potential alterations in aqueous humor dynamics and increased intraocular pressure.

In contrast, axonal reflexes related to the optic nerve or oculomotor nerve are not directly involved in this process. The optic nerve primarily transmits visual information, while the oculomotor nerve is more associated with controlling eye movements and regulating pupillary response. Thus, the connection between the trigeminal nerve and the resultant inflammatory response in reflex uveitis outlines the pivotal role of this sensory pathway in mediating such ocular inflammatory processes.