What is the main method used in phacoemulsification?

Phacoemulsification primarily utilizes ultrasound energy to perform cataract surgery. This technique involves the use of a specialized handpiece that emits high-frequency ultrasound waves, which effectively break up the cloudy lens (cataract) into tiny pieces. These fragments can then be easily aspirated from the eye. Ultrasound energy is preferred in this procedure because it allows for precise and efficient fragmentation of the lens tissue while minimizing thermal damage to surrounding ocular structures.

By contrast, lasers might be employed in certain types of modern cataract surgery as supplementary techniques but are not the main method in phacoemulsification. Mechanical scraping and chemical dissolution are not utilized in this procedure, as they lack the precision and safety profile that ultrasound energy provides. The technique is designed to ensure that the removal of the cataract can be done quickly and with minimal impact on the surrounding tissues, making ultrasound the correct choice in this context.