What is specular reflection?

Specular reflection is defined as the mirror-like reflection of light that occurs on smooth surfaces, such as the ocular surface (the cornea and lens of the eye). This phenomenon is essential in veterinary ophthalmology because it allows practitioners to assess the surface quality and clarity of the eye by observing how light reflects off these structures.

When light strikes the smooth, polished surface of the cornea, it reflects at an angle equal to the angle at which it hits the surface (the law of reflection). This clear and defined reflection is critical for diagnostic purposes, as variations in specular reflection can indicate surface irregularities, lesions, or other pathologies affecting the eye. It differs from scattering, which spreads light in multiple directions, and absorption or diffusion, which pertain to how light is either absorbed by tissues or spread out within them, respectively. Understanding specular reflection is crucial for performing detailed ocular examinations and making accurate diagnoses.