What characterizes an intumescent cataract?

An intumescent cataract is characterized by swelling driven by osmotic effect. This type of cataract often occurs when water and other osmotic agents accumulate in the lens fibers, leading to an increase in lens size and opacity. The osmotic effect is caused by changes in the lens's biochemical environment, such as the breakdown of proteins, which attract water into the lens.

In this scenario, the lens becomes swollen and can lead to increased pressure within the lens capsule, potentially resulting in further complications. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for diagnosing and managing lens opacities effectively.

The other options do not accurately describe the nature of an intumescent cataract. Compression of central lens fibers does not occur as a primary characteristic, nor does an intumescent cataract directly involve changing the lens' position or complete detachment from lens zonules. These elements are more relevant to different types of lens pathology or complications associated with cataracts.